Intro To Psychology (PSYCH 201) Exam 1 Study Guide 2015

Clemson University

Intro To Psychology (PSYCH 201)

Psychology Exam 1
9/2/15
Base rate = number of natural occurrences
Psychology: study of brain and behavior, originated from physiology and philosophy
Empiricism: conclusions/knowledge, direct observation, tested, no hard facts/proof
Wilhelm Wundt = “father” of psychology, 1879 lab in Germany
Most growth in psychology happened in the U.S.
G. Stanley Hall = America’s first lab and psychological journal, first pres of APA
Two schools of thought:
1) Structuralism- “what,” analyze consciousness; introspection, subjective
2) Functionalism- “why,” investigative purpose of consciousness, led to
behaviorism and applied psychology
6 theoretical perspectives
1) Psychoanalysis – Freud, unconscious
 1900
 academia didn’t like b/c there wasn’t research
 lay people didn’t like b/c it was too sexual for the time
 unconscious > conscious
2) Behaviorism – scientific study of psych should only be observable behavior
 John Watson: “behavior is governed by environment”
 Nurture vs. nature
 B.F. Skinner – determinism (environment determines behavior)
 No such thing as “free will”
3) Humanism – emphasizes unique quality of being human, no research
4) Cognitive
 1950s
 dominant perspective in modern world

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