MUSI20150 Music And Health University of Melbourne

University of Melbourne

MUSI20150 Music And Health University of Melbourne

o Mental Health and Mental Illness are not opposite ends of the spectrum
o Each have their own spectrum: where we can be one end or another on each spectrum
o Mental Flourishing- Languishing
o Symptoms of Mental Health and that can be a way of diagnosing our mental health. Looking
at how mentally healthy we are
o Different ways of expressing mental health- hedonic symptoms. Symptoms that people
experience when they are feeling mentally well
o Different degrees of mental health and they are individual
o Positive and negative life events happen in our lives. But usually we kind of stay on a set
level of happiness
o Only way set level happiness can change is everyday things that influence our lives
o We have a set point (Level) of happiness. It is different for everyone
o Idea of resilience linked to mental health. If we have good mental health we are very
resilient people
o Resilience has two models: Ecological Model and Constructivist model
o Ecological Model: risk factors and protective factors, systemic, predictable, transferrable,
and health can be predetermined
o Constructivist Model looks at how dependent resilience is depending on context,
individuality and relationships, Unique to person/context. We are not born with one set of
resilience.
o This idea that mental health being a continuum
o We all have different stages of mental health and changes over the course of our lives
o When we are at different stages of mental health, we need different inputs
o Acute Illness: Intervention, when we are in hospital
o Supported Recovery: Treatment, outpatient , visit psychologist
o Independent Health Maintenance: consultancy, leading our mental health
o Wellbeing: Not acutely unwell. Living our lives. Information sharing. Helpful for us at that
time. Eg: learning about how music or other kinds of things we do in our lives that can
positively impact our lives and wellbeing
o Music and musiking can support us along the continuum
o There are different levels of music and musiking for people at different stages of mental
health and wellbeing
o People who were in the inpatient setting they found it the most successful to be in groups
where there are other people who were acutely mentally ill/ inpatient like them . They
found it helpful where the focus of the group is focusing of improving their mental health.
They also found it helpful that it was facilitated by music therapist that was familiar with
working with a team and inpatient people
o People in the community; they enjoyed the fact that they didn’t sing with people who had
mental illness. It didn’t matter as much who they were singing with. Focus on their skills and
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how they were singing. Community musicians who were running these type of group
sessions, were really well skilled and focused on the skills of the people who were singing
o Although people can be acutely unwell they can also experience these things that are being
well . Music was offer people a way of being well while they are acutely/medically unwell
o Recovery is something that is quite prominent in mental health phase. A new way of looking
at mental health and illness. Started in 90s of mental rights movements, where people were
sick of not having a say in their medical treatments
o Two different kinds of recovery: clinical recovery and personal recovery
o Clinical recovery: we can recover from mental illness and we don’t have any symptoms
anymore. Full symptoms remission. We receive treatment; medication, therapy . Focus on
outcome: there is no mental illness
o Personal Recovery: having a meaningful life despite having symptoms of mental illness. Level
of being well despite having mental illness. Dependent on context and also very subjective.
Personal recovery is different for each of us and different things will contribute to our
recovery. We are recovering in mental illness.
o Musical Flourishing cultivates the well part of the person
o Music is another way of being mentally well for people
o Problem-focused coping: oriented towards resolving or minimizing the impact of a stressor
o Emotion-focused coping: oriented towards regulating or reducing negative emotions
generated by a stressor
o Avoidance/disengagement coping: denying the stressor or engaging in withdrawal from
taking action
o Emotion focused coping hides depression levels for young men and not young women
Quiz 1 Answer
Which of the following is a key feature of the ecological model of resilience? There is a predictable
relationship between risk and protective factors that determines resilience
Lecture 3- Music and physical activity
– Music and physical activity goes hand in hand
– World Health Organization recommends:
= Duration: 150 mins a week
= How fast (walk/run): moderate to brisk
= How frequently: 5 times a week , 30 mins or more each tie
= In bouts of 10 minutes at least
– Cardio vascular disease is the most common disease that causes death
– Music is a powerful trigger for movement
– Music is a recognised performance enhancer
– Beat is a bit unconscious
– Rhythm is made up of beats and catches the accent of beats. Stronger and weaker pulses in
the rhythm. These repeat to form patterns or grooves
– Tempo: around 120 beats. Heart also sits around 120 beat at moderate exercise
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– Melody is the tune, pattern or sequence of notes. Typically the singe rof the band that gives
you the lead of the melody
– Harmony: combination of these notes. Combination of these notes gives us the mood: minor
and major
– Form: A way the song progress. Versus, chorus and bridge
– Lyrics: Motivating lyric. Something that stands out for you
– How does music support exercise and physical activity?
=Listening to music while exercise increases physical responses. Physiological arousal
= Subjective experience
= Entrainment, Neurophysiological response (Dopamine etc), personal impact (personal
association that you have with the music may lead to changes in your mood), Psychological
response, Diversion
– Music mimics the patterns of our bodies
– Exercise we consciously select our music and we use the music to unconsciously promote
response in your body
– Some say rhythmic component is more important than melodic component
– Kinestatic feedback is the part of body that you are moving
– We select music to transform our internal moods
– Theory suggests that we like to listen to music in our young years
– People choose music depending on their environment that they are exercising in
Lecture 4
– Sexual repression was a huge part of Viennese society
– Women were in complete dissociation with their bodies
– Women were neurotic
– Frueds major flaw is generalization of meeting Viennese people and applying it to all people.
– Freuds gift was to raise awareness that we behave in certain ways because of what
happened to us in the past
– Freud found the arts very disturbing
– Not a fan of music or play. He talked about. He became confused and didn’t like anything
that wasn’t rational. He didn’t like to listen to music and not being able to explain why he
was having the reactions he was having. He refused to discuss the arts because it just didn’t
make sense to him
– Hysteria was one of the common characteristics in that time
– The unconscious exists
– Listening to people can have a powerful effect on them and benefits them by understanding
their unconscious
– Repression is most popular defense mechanism
– Defense Mechanisms are notions that hadn’t been understood in Freuds time
– Transference occurs whenever the client interacts within the ongoing therapy situation in
ways that resemble relationship patterns previously established with significant persons or
things in real-life situations from the past. Implicit is a replication in the present of
relationship patterns from the past

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