Social Psychology Test Bank Gilovich

1. John is thinking about how he is a good baseball player and really enjoys eating pizza. John is thinking about his _________________ self.
a. individual c. collective
relational d
universal
2. Relational self-beliefs are
a. the roles, duties, and obligations we assume in groups.
social groups to which we belong.
c. our preferences, tastes, personality traits, and talents.
our identities in specific relationships.
3. According to the symbolic interactionist idea, we learn about ourselves through
a. completing different kinds of personality tests.
imagining what other people think of us.
c. our parents telling us what we like and dislike, and what we are good at.
deep reflection about our behaviors, preferences, and attitudes.
4. Frank Sulloway’s research on the relationship between birth order and personality shows that
a. younger siblings tend to be more agreeable than older siblings.
older siblings tend to be less honest than younger siblings.
c. younger and older siblings are equally open to novel ideas and experiences.
older siblings tend to be less achievement-oriented than younger siblings.
5. Which of the following best describes the correlation between how we think others view us, and how they actually view us, according to the textbook?
a. Generally, most people are pretty accurate in knowing how others really think about them.
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lOMoARcPSD|5960618b. In close relationships, we are accurate in knowing how those close others really think about us.
c. Generally, there is little correlation between how we think people see us and how they really see us.
d. People who are very intuitive are better at understanding how others see them.
6. The part of our self-knowledge that is conscious to us at any given time is called the
a. self-concept. c. working self-concept.
conscious self-concept. d
distinctive self-concept.
7. According to the textbook, which of the following tend to have interdependent self-construals?
a. many Mediterranean
cultures
c. many Northern European cultures
many African cultures d. Both a and b are correct.
8. The quote, “The squeaky wheel gets the grease” reflects which type of self-construal?
a. independent c. communal
interdependent d. distinctiveness
9. According to the textbook, ____________ is useful in developing our self-concept, but it can lead us to lose some self-esteem, at least temporarily.
a. upward comparison c. self-affirmation
downward comparison d. self-aggrandizement
10. Dan McAdams writes about and does research on the “narrated self,” which consists of
a. our personality traits.
our independent or interdependent self-construals.
c. the story we tell about our social self.
how other people describe our social self.
11. Research on gender and self-concept indicates that compared with men, women are more likely to
a. experience confusion over how they should define themselves.
view themselves as unique and different from others.
c. define themselves in terms of social characteristics and relationships.
notice their own internal responses, such as increases in physiological arousal.
12. Consider the following finding from a study conducted in the United States that asked children to describe themselves: “Forty-four percent of children who were born outside of
the United States mentioned this biographical fact when describing themselves, whereas only 7 percent of those born in the United States mentioned their place of birth.” This finding best
supports the
a. contrasting traits hypothesis. c. social comparison hypothesis.
b. self-perception hypothesis. d. distinctiveness hypothesis.
13. Barbara just received a “B” on her test. Her friends, Gina and Mica, received an A” and a “C,” respectively. Later that night, Barbara tells her roommate that she did “really well”
relative to other people in the class. According to social comparison theory, Barbara appears to have engaged in ____________.
a. upward comparison. c. promotional comparison.
downward comparison. d. prevention comparison.
14. Bill has an older brother named Dan. Both Bill and Dan are physics professors. According to Frank Sulloway’s research on birth-order effects, Bill should
a. conduct more research.
be more demanding of his students.
c. be more open to “off-the-wall” or “revolutionary” theories.
be more physically attractive.
15. According to Festinger’s social comparison theory, people often form judgments about their traits and abilities by comparing themselves with others. According to the theory, this
process is most likely to occur when
a. the people around them are judgmental and unkind.
b people have a clear and detailed self-concept.
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c. the people around them have superior traits and abilities.
people have no objective standard by which to judge themselves.
16. According to the textbook, research findings on the self-reference effect and self-schemas help explain why so many aspects of the self are
a. stable over time.
highly variable from one situation to the next.
c. inconsistent with social norms.
difficult to measure.
17. Linda tries to memorize a bunch of theories for her psychology class. Specifically, right after she reads about a theory, she thinks of personal experiences that are relevant to its
predictions. According to research on the self-reference effect, Linda’s study strategy should
a. decrease her memory for the theories because thoughts of previous experiences are distracting.
b. increase or decrease her memory for the theories, depending on how long she studies.
c. increase her memory for the theories by integrating them into her self-knowledge.
d. increase her memory for the theories if the experiences are consistent with a theory, but it should decrease her memory if the experiences are inconsistent with a
theory.
18. The tendency to elaborate on and recall information that is integrated into our self-knowledge is called the
a. self-verification effect. c. self-reference effect.
private self-consciousness effect. d. self-monitoring effect.
19. Self-schemas are
a. wishes and aspirations people have for themselves.
b. objective standards that people use to learn about their own abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.
c. beliefs about the roles, obligations, and duties people assume in groups.
d. knowledge-based summaries of our beliefs and feelings about the self in particular domains